Pipe

Dimensions

• Diameter, outside — 48 in. (122 cm)
• Lengths, standard — 40 ft. and 60 ft.
• Thickness, wall — .462 in. and .562 in.
  

Pieces required for pipeline

over 100,000

Shiploads 

• Construction — 120
• Atigun Floodplain Pipe Replacement Project — 6
  

Steel grades

• x60 (60,000 psi specified minimum yield strength)
• x65 (65,000 psi specified minimum yield strength)
• x70 (70,000 psi specified minimum yield strength)
  

Miles, by specification, used in pipeline construction 

• Grade —
  x60 — 44 mi.
  x65 — 732 mi.
  x70 — 24 mi.
• Thickness —
  • .462 in. — 466 mi.
  • .562 in. — 334 mi.
• Thickness/grade —
  • x60/.462 in. — 20 mi.
  • x60/.562 in. — 24 mi.
  • x65/.462 in. — 446 mi.
  • x65/.562 in. — 286 mi.
  • x70/.462 in. — 0 mi.
  • x70/.562 in. — 24 mi.
• Atigun Floodplain Pipe Replacement Project (1991)
  • Thickness/grade- x70/.562 in — 8.47 mi.
    

Pipe, manufactured

• Construction — Japan
• Atigun Floodplain Pipe Replacement Project — Italy
  

Tested to

Maximum axial force of 2.52 million pounds and lateral deflection force of 459,000 pounds before wrinkling (typical test sample: 31' 5")

Volumetric displacement

• 11,366 bbl./mil (.462")
• 11,270 bbl./mi. (.562")

Weight

Per linear ft. — 235 lbs. (.462"); 285 lbs. (.562"); Total weight shipped-- 550,000 tons approx.

Pig

• Definition — A mechanical device which is pushed through the pipeline by the oil. Several types of pigs are used to improve flow characteristics, inspect for dents and wrinkles, inspect for pipeline corrosion, and measure pipeline curvature.
• Types
  Scraper — A pig used for cleaning and flow enhancement. Consists of cone-shaped, polyurethane cups on a central body which matches the shape of the interior pipe wall. Bumper nose, urethane construction and light weight prevent damage to check valve clappers.
  Deformation — A pig which measures the diameter of the pipe. Defines changes in pipe diameter caused by dents, ovalities, or pipe bending. Changes are recorded and analyzed by engineers.
  Corrosion — A pig which detects corrosion or pitting in the pipe wall. These pigs may use different technologies to collect and record corrosion data.

  Ultrasonic Corrosion Pig — Measures and records wall thickness of pipeline using ultra sonic transducers. First run in June 1989.

  Magnetic Corrosion Pig — Detects metal loss in pipe wall by measuring disturbances in a magnetic field.

  Curvature — A pig using an inertial navigation system to determine pipeline location, curvature and pipe wall deformation. First run in 1992.
• Operation, frequency — Determine deach year as needed
• Launching/Receiving facilities — 3: PS 1, PS4 and Marine Terminal.

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